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What does my refractometer reading mean in SG?

Converts a refractometer reading to specific gravity, and says clearly why the reading stops being trustworthy the moment fermentation begins.

Brix to specific gravity

Apple juice is normally 10–18 °Bx.


Specific gravity

1.053

How this is worked out
  1. Formula: SG = 1 + Bx ÷ (258.6 − ((Bx ÷ 258.2) × 227.1))
  2. Substituted: SG = 1 + 13.0 ÷ (258.6 − ((13.0 ÷ 258.2) × 227.1))
  3. Result: SG ≈ 1.053
What this assumes (2)
  • Brix is calibrated on sucrose. Apple and pear juice contain fructose, glucose, sucrose and — in pears — sorbitol, so the conversion is close rather than exact.
  • A refractometer reading is only valid on juice that has not started fermenting. Ethanol bends light differently and makes a fermenting sample read high; use a hydrometer once fermentation has begun.

Related tools

Where this reading comes from

Guides that reach this calculator, and what the number decides once you have it.