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What the juice percentage means

What does 50% apple juice on a cider label mean?

In short

It states how much of the liquid that went into the fermenting vessel was apple juice, with the remainder made up of water and, usually, added sugar. A cider declared at 50% juice was made from a liquid that was half juice and half other things.

In the United Kingdom, a product must contain at least 35% apple or pear juice to be charged as cider at all. Below that threshold it is taxed and described differently.

The figure is a good guide to what a cider is made of and a poor guide to how it will taste. A full-juice cider from indifferent fruit can be duller than a diluted one made carefully, though the reverse is far more common.

What the number is counting

Cider does not have to be made from juice alone. In several jurisdictions, water may be added, and sugar with it, so that a smaller quantity of fruit produces a larger quantity of drink at the same strength. The juice content figure states the proportion of the pre-fermentation liquid that was actually juice.

Where the juice was reconstituted from concentrate, the figure is normally calculated as the juice equivalent — the volume of single-strength juice the concentrate represents. A cider made from concentrate can therefore honestly declare a high juice content, which is why the juice figure and the concentrate question are separate questions.

The number is also a pre-fermentation figure. It says nothing about what happened afterwards: whether the cider was sweetened, what was added at packaging, or how it was carbonated.

What the rules require

Juice content requirements and conventions, by jurisdiction. Summaries of the relevant rules.
JurisdictionMinimum juice contentIs the figure required on the label?
United KingdomAt least 35% apple or pear juice for the product to be charged as ciderNot required; declared voluntarily by many producers
FranceCidre is made from apple must; a cidre pur jus carries no added water, and AOC specifications are stricter stillThe pur jus claim is the usual way this is communicated
SpainSidra natural is unadulterated fermented apple juice under its designation rulesNot applicable — the category rules out dilution
GermanyGerman Apfelwein is made from apple juice within the fruit-wine frameworkNot usually stated as a percentage
United StatesThe hard cider tax class permits apple juice concentrate and waterNot required
Why 35% is the British numberIt is a tax threshold, set to define what may be charged duty as cider rather than as a made-wine or other fermented product. It is not a quality standard and was never intended as one.

What high juice content does and does not tell you

A high juice figure tells you that the drink is mostly made of apples. That has real consequences: more of the acid, tannin, aroma and nitrogen in the vessel came from fruit, and less of the sweetness came from added sugar. Full-juice ciders generally carry more body and more phenolic structure than heavily diluted ones, because the material that provides both was not diluted.

It does not tell you which apples. A 100%-juice cider made entirely from culinary fruit will still lack tannin. It does not tell you the fermentation was well managed, whether the cider was sweetened afterwards, or whether it was filtered to transparency.

It also does not settle any argument about authenticity. The Spanish, French and German traditions largely do not dilute, and their producers rarely state a percentage because the question does not arise; a British producer stating 100% is answering a question that exists because British law permits the alternative.

Where the term "full juice" comes from

Full juice is a British trade and campaigning term for cider made without added water, and it is used because the legal minimum permits so much of it. Consumer organisations have promoted the distinction for decades, and a number of producers state a percentage on the label voluntarily as a result.

The term has no legal definition. In practice it is taken to mean a cider whose fermentable material came entirely from pressed fruit, but a reader relying on it should treat it as a producer claim rather than a certified one.

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